The search results totaled to 983 articles. MethodsĪ computerized search was performed on the literature published on PubMed in English language using the search query (ECT OR Electroconvulsive Therapy OR Electroconvulsive Treatment ) AND (Psychosis OR Schizophrenia ). We will also discuss new results from brain imaging research that may provide a method to identify biomarkers of ECT response in schizophrenia. In this review, we will discuss the extant literature on ECT in schizophrenia, with focus on efficacy, adverse events, and ECT techniques. Recent meta-analysis and treatment guidelines recommend ECT as an augmentation strategy for medication-resistant schizophrenia, and in recent years, a number of studies have focused on the potential role of ECT in patients that failed to respond to clozapine, the only antipsychotic agent approved for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). Clozapine is the only medication shown to be effective in antipsychotic-refractory patients, however, it benefits only about 30–55% of this population. As many as 30% of patients with schizophrenia respond poorly to standard treatment with antipsychotic medications.
ĭespite the remarkable developments of pharmacological agents, a significant proportion of individuals with schizophrenia still do not achieve satisfactory treatment response with current available medications. This decline can predominantly attributed to the convenience and better social acceptance of pharmacologic treatment, and the results of early studies suggesting that antipsychotics have comparable efficacy to ECT. However, the introduction of chlorpromazine in the 1950s and continued successful development of new pharmacological agents since led to a considerable decline in the utilization of ECT, particularly in the United States and Europe. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was introduced as a suitable treatment for schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders in 1938. Schizophrenia is considered as one of the most debilitating psychiatric disorders, which occurs in all countries, irrespective of culture or socioeconomic class. The use and investigation of new biomarker strategies for the pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia, and the extension of these approaches to ECT are also discussed. Studies suggest that while ECT in schizophrenia is a safe treatment modality, the potential for cognitive impairment must always be carefully weighed. Our review suggests that ECT can be an effective treatment strategy in this severely ill patient population. We evaluated the available literature, with a particular focus on prospective, randomized trials. The purpose of this review is to examine the extant literature on ECT in schizophrenia with a primary focus on its efficacy, its impact on cognitive function, the role of maintenance ECT, and the potential role of neuroimaging biomarkers to provide more precise ECT treatment strategies. Recent literature indicates that ECT can be a useful strategy for a wide range of psychotic disorders, including treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
Also, the program works with various cloud services that allow you to upload, organize and enhance images on different computers.Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a remarkably effective treatment for major depressive disorder, but is less commonly utilized for treatment of psychotic disorders. In addition to using ON1 Photo RAW as a standalone photo editor, you can also integrate it as a plug-in to Adobe Lightroom and Photoshop. During the image editing process, you can use all the power and abundance of tools the program offers. Once you have ranked and sorted out your pictures, you can easily catalog them, as you would do it using the other photo editors.Aside from working with RAW files, ON1 Photo RAW supports numerous image formats, such as PSB, DNG, PSD, TIF, PNG and JPEG. The fast photo browser is designed to quickly view and rank your photos. There is no need to import your images to the program. ON1 Photo RAW allows photographers to experience one of the quickest ways to manage files by browsing and cataloging them. The developers say that this is an all-in-one application that offers all the necessary features to perform first-class photo edits. ON1 Photo RAW is a powerful image editor, raw processor and photo organizer. You can adjust colors, temperature, exposure and white balance to achieve the desired effect.
It is possible to apply a filter to your photo and then correct the parameters according to your style. ON1 Presets are particular settings designed to achieve a certain look of your picture in a matter of a minute.
0 kommentar(er)
